Scripture 

Grammars

The following three Hebrew grammars assume a minimal knowledge of Nebrew and are considered standard and scholarly references.

Jouon, Paul.  A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew.  Trans. and revised by T. Miraoka. Subsidia Biblica, v. 14. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institutie, 1991. 2 volumes.
492.4 J86gEm

Kautzsche E., ed. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar. 2nd English ed. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1976.
492.4 G389hEc

Waltke, Bruce K., and M. O'Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, c1990.
492.482 W237i

Zerwick, Max, and Mary Grosvenor. Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1981.
Reference 225.4803 Z58g

A valuable tool for students of New Testament Greek and for exegesis papers.  Important words in each verse of each book fo the New Testament are analyzed. Students with very little knkowledge of Greek will find it useful, since the analysis is in English.

Word studies are used in the process of exegesis of a biblical passage.  For example, the word truth (aletheia) in John's gospel has nuanced theological meaning for the author.  Identifying its significance for St. John helps one to determine his intended meaning in the passage.  By using one or more of the following resources, students can identify the theological meaning of individual words of significance in a specific passage.

Lexicons-Dictionaries

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. Revised and edited by Frederick William Danker.  Based on Walter Buaer's Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der fruhcjristlichen Literatur, 6th ed, edited by Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, with Viktor Reichmann and on previous English editions by W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker. Chicago ; London: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Reference 225.4803 A847g 2000

This is the standard work.  Known as BDAG.

Botterweck, G. Johannes, and Helmer Ringgren, ed. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974-1990. 6 volumes.
Reference 221.4403 B751tEw

The work of many German biblical scholars.  This set treats every Hebrew word of religious or theological significance in the Old Testament.

Brown, Francis. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1976.
Reference 221.4403 G389b B877n 1976 

The srandard Hebrew-English lexicon for the Hebrew scripture.

Einspahr, Bruce, comp. Index to Brown, Driver & Briggs Hebrew Lexicon. Chicago: Moody Press, c1976.
Reference 221.4403 G389b B877n Index

Kittel, Gerhard, ed. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Trans. and ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1964-1976. 10 volumes.
Reference 225.4803 K62tEb

The work of many German biblical scholars.  This set treats every Greek word of religious or theological significance in the New Testament.

Kittel, Gerhard, and Gerhard Friedrich, ed. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Trans. and ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Abridged in one volume by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1985. 
Reference 225.4803 K62tEb 1985

A condensed and simplified one-volume version of Kittel's nine volume set.  This work can be used by anyone who has not had the benefit of advanced language study.  Two indexes of words are contained in this volume, one in English (pages xx-xxxvi) and one in Greek. In cases where the keyword has a long history before its use in the New Testament, there is an Old Testament background of usage, and in many cases, its use in the Greek and Hellenistic world.

Concordances

Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece. 3rd ed. Berlin: de Gruyters, 1987.
Reference 225.2 B124c

Requires a knowledge of Greek and uses Greek text.

Even-Shoshan, Abraham. A New Concordance of the Old Testament. Jerusalem: Kiryat, 1982. 3 volumes.
Reference 221.2 E93k

Requires knowledge of Hebrew and uses Hebrew text.

Whitaker, Richard E., and John R. Kohlenberger III. The Analytical Concordance to the New Revised Standard Version of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans ; New York: Oxford University Press, c2000.
Reference 225.2 W578a

Additional Resource

Young, Robert. Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible. Rev. ed., 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1995.
220.5209 Y75

An extremely literal translation that attempts to preserve the tense and word usage as found in the original Greek and Hebrew writings.  It is especially useful for people not acquainted with the original languages in detecting parallelisms, word order, and other structures in the texts which other translation might ordinarily cover up.